MF- 1864.04.21 – Emigrant Aid Association – #106 – F12249

FROM THE EDITOR OF THE FREEMAN:

In our Tuesday’s issue, “A Subscriber”, following the example of our correspondent “Anti Humbug”, called attention to the condition, policy and acts of the Emigrant Aid Association.

We can scarcely understand either why this peculiar interest in the affairs of that Association has been so suddenly excited or has so suddenly sought expression, or what it is exactly that the writer of either letter proposes to effect. It never can do harm, however, to have the proceedings and policy of such Associations fully canvassed, even those who invite discussion are ignorant of the facts, or for any reason [wilfully] misrepresent them.

The Emigrant Aid Association has ever courted the utmost publicity, and it was by making all its objects and proceedings perfectly public that it hoped to gain the entire confidence of all who were interested in its success. When therefore “A Subscriber” asserts or insinuates that the members of the Society “are kept in the dark by its Executive as regards the working out of the objects for which they are associated,” he states what is absolutely untrue, and what none but an unscrupulous enemy could say did he know the facts.

And we can not imagine why or how any one in the Province who takes an interest in this matter can be ignorant of facts which are so generally known. We have watched the growth of these settlements with great interest, and from time to time we have reported the progress made in them. “A Subscriber” must have seen some of those statements at least, for he says that the stories told of the progress of Johnville are [marvellous]. They do seem almost [marvellous], but we believe they are perfectly true nevertheless, and if the Association had done nothing more than originate and promote that settlement, it would yet have done more than any of its members hoped to accomplish when it was founded; more than any other body, even the Government of the country itself, has done for the cause of colonization in this Province; more than enough to repay its members and the Province for all the money expended in this work.

But it has done much also in the other districts in which the Government have surveyed and set apart tracts of land for settlement under its controul, and if it has not succeeded as fully in those settlements as at Johnville, it is not to blame. Neither the Association nor its President has shown any partiality or favoritism, and if Johnville has been the favorite with the settlers, it is because the lands there were surveyed almost as soon as applied for, the Local Deputy doing his duty promptly and well; because the lands of Carleton are generally reputed the best in the Province, and, above all, because the Rev. Mr. Connolly, who undertook the management of this Colony, was at once zealous, energetic and prudent.

“A Subscriber” calls for publicity, and for a report from the Secretary. We can hardly imagine what the Secretary could report that has not already been made public. The Surveyor General, it is true, in his report, does not devote any special attention to these settlements, making express mention only of the five tracts of land surveyed for actual settlement in the year 1863. Of these five, two were for the Emigrant Aid Association, and of the whole five it was only on one of these two “that in Carleton”, that much was done towards actual settlement. But if “A Subscriber” will look on page 84 of the Report, which he says he consulted, he will see “the returns of the first payment under the Labour Act after November 1862,” of several of the settlers on the Newcastle Tract of the Association (in Sunbury county) and on pages 86, 7, he will find others. Then, if he will look on pages 118, 9, he will find scores of “approvals of petitions” of the Association settlers.

But the most objectionable part of our correspondent’s letter is that in which it insinuates that the President has, by a coup d’etat, deprived the Committee of the Association of its power, and that the Association is a bogus Association, formed merely as a cover to give one man controul of such large tracts of the public domain, etc. The spirit of mischief alone could have prompted such an insinuation as this. If association such as this, in which men act, and to which they subscribe purely from motives of charity and [philanthropy], and from which none of the members expect to derive any gain or benefit, directly or indirectly, had not some one manage to inspire, vivify, and controul them, they would almost inevitably fail, from inertness and apathy, to accomplish any good. As we have already explained, the Emigrant’s Aid Association only purposed to diffuse information to select lands for settlement, and to exhort, advise, and encourage the settlers, and so to induce a co-operation of the settlers themselves. Their numbers were never great, their funds were never large, yet they succeeded as none others ever have succeeded in this Province, and mainly by reason of the efforts of their President.  – But the Association never had the controul of the large tracts of the public domain which the Government surveyed for its “settlements.” Those lands had been lying idle since “creation’s dawn,” and would be lying idle still, if this Association had not been formed. – The Government consented to give the Association a chance of carrying out its views, and ordered the survey of those tracts, but the Government retained the controul in its own hands, only agreeing that for a limited period none but the settlers who applied through the Association should obtain lots in those tracts. The same was done for several other associations, and no one has reason to complain of this, as there are millions of acres besides, from which any one who desires may choose for himself, and there are also tracts surveyed by the Government for “general applicants.” The “controul” therefore which was vested in this Association, and its President, was of a limited and well defined character.

It is no doubt the “public desire to see those lands occupied and the various localities become flourishing settlements,” but the Association, and particularly its President, have done more to realize those wishes than any other portion of the public. If our correspondent thinks they have left anything undone which they ought to have done and could have done, would he state in plain language, and descending from vague generalities, what that is? He writes of the controul of those lands, as if that in some way prevented the settlement of them. He must know, if he knows anything of the subject with which he undertakes to deal, that such an impression would be most false, as those lands are more open to people from all parts of the world than any of the wilderness lands still held absolutely by the Government, and that not only is no one refused a lot, but that all who should for their own sake and the sake of their families prefer an independence in the country to the precarious life of the cities and towns, are repeatedly invited, and almost entreated to come and choose for themselves the best portions of those lands yet unoccupied.

If our correspondents could point out any better mode of proceeding than has yet been adopted, any that would be likely to prove more successful, we would publish their letters with pleasure; but they have written only in the spirit of fault-finding, and we should almost say, of misrepresentation. To refuse them publicity, may be construed into an admission that there was something hidden, something wrong, but we must confess we can see no good their publication will effect, except it be to prove that the Association and its work can defy even such criticism.

MF – 1864.04.19 – Emigrant Aid Association – #105 – F12249

TO THE EDITOR OF THE FREEMAN.

SIR:  It would seem from your [answers] to the letter of “Anti-Humbug,” in your issue of last Saturday, that the “Emigrant Aid Association” is somehow in the position that our present Government occupies. It has become and actually is a “one-man” Association. Now an Association of the kind can hardly be said to exist when its members are kept in the dark by its Executive as regards the working out of the objects for which they associated; much less can it be said to exist if even those who were formally declared an Executive body by the Association in its integrity have long since, perhaps by a coup d’etat, ceased to act as such, and resigned their power into the hands of the President, through whom we are told that the Association now “mainly works.”  What [its] work has been during the past two years the public have a right to know, as the Report of the Crown Land Office is dumb regarding the”Bishop’s settlements.” As another associate, I felt an interest in looking over that Report that I might discover the progress made, and was not a little surprised to find that no report had been submitted concerning these lands at all.Now, Mr. Editor, although you have not given the name of the Secretary, I am entirely of opinion that, whoever that gentleman may be, he ought to come forward as such, and shew by a Report of the present state of the various [tracts], that the Association has some vitality, that it is not a bogus Association, an Association formed merely as a cover to give one man controul of such large tracts of the public domain as those surveyed by the Government for its use.

Your correspondent from the Washademoak has done well to open up this question. It is no personal matter. Thousands of acres of the best lands of the Province have been surveyed and appropriated, and it is the public desire to see them occupied not only but to have these various localities become flourishing settlements. This desire was fully manifested by the people of this city last season, who so generously aided the Rev. Mr. Nugent in his efforts to provide a Church for the Salmon River Settlement. It is well known that it was the desire to advance the interests of the new settlements that caused both rich and poor to extend to him so hearty a welcome. It is therefore due to the public, and above all to the associates, that they should know whether these settlements are really flourishing or not. A great deal has been said and written of the advanced state of Johnville, in the County of Carleton, and so much indeed of the marvellous [related] of the success of the settlers that one is almost tempted to fancy that for some reason or other it has been the favored locality.  But it must be remembered that besides this settlement of euphonious name, tracts in Sunbury, Queen’s, Westmorland and Kent have been also surveyed, and I understand that these lands are in a general way in no manner inferior to those in Carleton. There may, it is true, be something in the name. Were the Society’s acts public, and under the controul of a vigorous responsible Executive, it would be conducive to the good not only of the Carleton settlement, but also to that of all the others, which it would seem have suffered so much from the “delays”, as from a partial neglect. As it is a public matter, I for one am glad that your correspondent has sent you his queries, the answers to which will no doubt satisfy him, yet as he appears to aim at the Commissioner and his mode of action, I have thought it well to divest the matter of all personality and view it merely as one of public consequence.

By giving this insertion, you will much oblige. Your’s – A SUBSCRIBER.

MF – 1862.09.30 – Johnville and Glassville Settlements – #88 – F12247

Almost every one knows that the Glassville Settlement is the work of a number of the Scotch emigrants, whom the labours of Rev. Mr. Glass induced to try their fortunes in New Brunswick. Perhaps not so many are aware that Johnsville owes its existence to the efforts of another clergyman, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Saint John, who, taking a most sensible view of the matter, came to the conclusion that in our chief city of St. John there were large numbers of his people living in comparative want, or making but a bare subsistence, who might find in the clearance of the wild lands a healthy and remunerative employment, themselves becoming owners and tillers of the soil. To his exertions, we believe, was mainly owing the establishment of an Emigrant Aid Society in that place, the labours of which have induced large numbers to abandon the profitless lives of city labourers for the more honorable and satisfactory life of back settlers. At the application of the Bishop several tracts of Government lands, in different portions of the Province, were surveyed and set apart for these settlers. In Carleton the district named [Johnsville] was thus chosen. The results already exhibited are more than sufficient to justify the wisdom of the Bishop. The number of settlers in this section we do not know; but every person who has visited them speaks in the most glowing terms of the progress which they have made. The tract of land selected seems to be of excellent quality. The settlers themselves evidently have gone to work in good spirits and with a vast deal of determination. Any one who knows that clearing wild lands is, and what are the difficulties to be met and overcome, and the privations to be undergone in the back settlements, can sympathize with the position of these men, and will honor them for their courage and for the progress which they have already made. That progress is substantial; but it is also great. Once that a man becomes possessed of one hundred acres of good wild land in New Brunswick, and has settled down to clear and improve it, he occupies a promising position, whatever may be the difficulties and drawbacks; whatever may be the hardships to be undergone, there is nothing beyond what may be endured; and in two or three years of hard and thoughtful work the worst is over, and thereafter every year renders the ascent to comfort, and eventually to affluence, more easy. That the pioneer, therefore, has got his location, shouldered his axe, and turned his face to his new home, is the important fact; with industry, sobriety and perseverance, under the blessing of God, his future is secure. The settlers of Glassville and Johnsville have done this; they have thrown the die, and under any ordinary circumstances they cannot but win. That we do not overstate the matter the preset condition of those two settlements prove. They are both flourishing. Clearing has proceeded to an extent that those unaware what industry and determination can do would deem almost beyond belief. The primeval forest has given way before the axe of the chopper, and in its place spring up rank crops of wheat, oats and potatoes. The luxuriance of the crops in both these settlements, and the extent of land brought under cultivation in so short a time are described as something [marvellous]. The clearings are said to be perfect gardens; the grain is described, – as we know it will on our rich Carleton soil, – as overtopping the stumps. Clearly an impression has been made in these wilds which speaks volumes for their future. The soil is rich, loamy, mellow; “tickle the earth with a hoe and it laughs with a harvest.” The situation is good, easily accessible, [and] not too distant from the central markets of [the] Province. Every blow made by the pio[neer] tells towards his own ease and comfort. Labor is not thrown away; not a blow is lost; the result speedily follows the effort; and it is [a] result which is not only certain, but which is [proportionable] to the effort. In ten years vast stretches of forest will have disappeared, and in their place we shall have rich meadows, and broad fields, waving with gain and rich with the means of subsistence for a vigorous and happy population. – Woodstock Journal.

MF – 1862.09.09 – Johnville Colonization – #86 – F12247

COLONIZATION. – The Bishop of St. John having been on a visitation lately in the county of Carleton, took occasion to visit one of the new settlements colonized by the efforts of the Emigrant Aid Association, of which his Lordship is the President, and, indeed, is the very life and soul. His report of the progress he there witnessed is highly gratifying, and should inspire with new courage and determination those who, having resolved to share in the great advantages offered to them by the Society, still hesitate or defer moving for one trifling reason or another. In June 1861 the first tree was felled in this settlement. To-day there are over 80 lots on which improvements have been made, and on 43 lots crops have been grown. The fields of wheat, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, and turnips his Lordship describes as the most beautiful and luxuriant. In one large field of oats the stumps were so completely concealed from view by the crop that he at first thought they must have been removed. Much of the oats was six feet in height, and the length and breadth and [fulness] of the heads of wheat was something wonderful. One of those new settlers has now nearly 25 acres under crop, and several have ten or twelve acres. As a proof of what may be done by a proper system of emigration and colonization, efficiently worked, we may mention that a man named Creaghan, who, with his family, came out last year in one of the vessels from Galway, is now one of the most thriving and contented of these settlers. His lease of his farm in Galway had expired, and his parish priest, having seen one of Dr. Sweeny’s admirable letters on emigration to New Brunswick, advised him to come to this Province. He did come with his family. He was not able to speak a word of English. His wife could make herself understood, and that was all. They on their arrival applied to the Bishop, who, at once, had them sent to this settlement, then just commenced, and when they arrived there they were not lost sight of, but such directions and counsel as they, strangers to the [countay], its climate, and its customs, so much required, were always given to them. This year this man has thirteen acres under wheat, oats, potatoes, turnips, and buckwheat, all splendid crops, and has much ground already chopped for next year, is prosperous, contented, independent, and happy, and very soon he will no doubt be positively wealthy.

This is but one case of the many which want of space prevents our describing, more particularly to-day. Hundreds of acres are now yielding a bountiful harvest where little more than a year ago the solitude of the dense wilderness was unbroken, and scores of families who, for years, had struggled for a mere living, have the assurance of comfort and independence. How infatuated are the working men who, with such advantages within their reach, and with such examples before their eyes, still cling to the precarious miserable existence of the towns.

MF – 1861.07.25 – Johnville Gets Its Name – #58 – F12246

JOHNVILLE. – Such is the name decided upon by the Rev. Mr. Connolly, by which the tract of land on the Monquart, surveyed for settlement, shall be known. This name is given in honor of the Bishop Sweeny. Mr. Connolly spent several days last week locating settlers. Of the ten thousand acres, about nine thousand are fit for settlement, and of this seven thousand are already taken. On the day that Mr. Connolly left, some fifty men were at work improving on their lots. We are glad that the warm interest evinced by the Rev. gentleman is being properly met and appreciated by those for whom he is interested. – Carleton Sentinel.